Tuesday 17 December 2013

Bibliography

bibliography

(Bhatt, 2003)
Bhatt. (2003). DIGITAL MUSIC AND ONLINE SHARING SOFTWARE PIRACY 2.0.

(Ram D. Gopal, 2004 )
Ram D. Gopal, S. B. (2004 ). Do Artists Benefit From Online Music Sharing?

 (Valerie L. Vaccaro, 2003)
Ram D. Gopal, S. B. (2004 ). Do Artists Benefit From Online Music Sharing?
Valerie L. Vaccaro, D. Y. (2003). The Evolution of Business Models and Marketing Strategies.

 (Sexton, Digital music: production, distribution and consumption , 2002)
Ram D. Gopal, S. B. (2004 ). Do Artists Benefit From Online Music Sharing?
Sexton, J. (2002). Digital music: production, distribution and consumption . In G. Creeber, Digital (p. 94).
Sexton, J. (2003). Digital music :production distribution and consumption . In G. Creeber, Digital culture (p. 93).
Valerie L. Vaccaro, D. Y. (2003). The Evolution of Business Models and Marketing Strategies.


Critical Investigation next steps

Year 13 - Critical Investigation next steps
Justin Bieber is signed to island Def. jam after his manager and known singer/songwriter discovered his on social networking sites like YouTube and Facebook, As many different artist, with many different from many different genre of music, as they have over hundreds of artist signed to this label, as Def. Jam has been around the music industries for over 20 years. As they have had well known global stars signed to their label like Rihanna, Kanye West, Jay Z and Ne-Yo.  

As the audience want to follow those who are famous through the media on these social networking sites, the reason why is because some of the artist were discovered onto these social networking sites, which would means the audience will follow those artist, because it’s a realist things that a normal person has broken through to the music industries . 
Internet Links
http://humor.about.com/od/bestofthebest/tp/5-Stars-Who-Were-Discovered-By-The-Internet.htm

The Internet has changed the ways in which we discover new talent in our society. In the past, young actors or singers found fame the old fashioned way; by moving to Hollywood, going to auditions, and praying they’d be "discovered."

These days, fame could be just a few clicks away, as evidenced by the following five superstars who all got their start on YouTube, blogs, and through viral word of mouth. No, we’re not talking about "internet famous" people either, like Rebecca Black we’re talking about legitimate, lasting fame that came as a direct result of being on the Internet.

http://girlstalkinsmack.com/10-celebrities-discovered-online/

This teen pop star is one of the best-known talents of YouTube. His now-manager, Scooter Braun, first stumbled upon his videos in 2007, leading to meetings with singers Usher and Justin Timberlake. Justin was so sought after by both artists that negotiations took nearly a year, ending with him to finally signing with Usher.

Sean was discovered through his popular MySpace page and signed to Beluga Heights Records in 2007. He immediately found success with his first single “Beautiful Girls” in May 2007.

You’d think that having musical roots would help, but not in Lily Allen’s case! However, she eventually used father Keith Allen’s connections to get signed to Regal Recordings. Unfortunately, the label didn’t have much interest in her work and gave her little support. Lily used MySpace to promote herself and find a following. To date, her songs have been downloaded from MySpace over 19 million times.
In the old days, working musician would hope to ultimately to be signed to records label. A variety of different types of deal could be struck, but generally the deal would protect the label.  The record company would pay the artist a sum of money as an ‘advance’ to record some material and specify how much the artist would have to sell before that advance would be paid off- there the artist would start to get a cut of the profits (usually about 15%) the label would have the records and CDs physically manufactured, and use its distribution and marketing network to get the product into record shops, and to get promotion via radio, TV, Magazine and so on.
Over view of changes in music industry over the last 25 years – from the perspective of the artist and produces who lived through them          
Here are 15 musicians who made an impact on the world of music after they appeared on YouTube:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
Avery, a teenager, was a smashing success on YouTube as far back as 2010. After a bidding war between top musical companies, she got a record contract from Universal Studios.

Alyssa Bernal caught Pharrell William’s attention when she uploaded her acoustics on to YouTube. Frantic in his quest to find her, he even got in touch with her High School. When he finally did get a hold of her, he signed her up for Star Trak.
Justin Bieber, now a household name in the music industry, was spotted on YouTube by a talent scout who introduced the pre-pubescent to usher.
Ysabella Brave, a vocalist, signed up to Cordless, a digital label by Warner Musical Group, after her YouTube video was discovered.

Greyson Chance was videotaped doing a Lady Gaga imitation at a school recital. He was discovered by Ellen DeGeneres, who invited him to her show and signed him up for her new record label.

Esmee Denters, a singer-songwriter of Dutch origin, was spotted by Justin Timberlake, and she was the first artist to be signed her up for his label.

Dondria, discovered on YouTube by Jermaine Dupri, the founder of So So Def Recordings was offered a record contract. Dondria vs Phatfffat, her debut album rocketed to number 14 on the popular Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart

Kim Yeo-Hee, nicknamed the Apple Girl because of her uncanny ability to play music on her Apple iPhone’s user interface, signed up with Dreamhigh-Ent, a Seoul-based company. However, this was not without a fight from British, Chinese, and South Korean record companies.

Andy McKee, discovered as far back as 2006 on YouTube, is now on Tour after releasing his new album called Joyland. When he first appeared on YouTube, his video went viral with 35 million views.

Terra Naomi created a YouTube hit when she sang “Say It’s Possible.” In 2006, Island Records signed her up, and today she is creating an independent record based on funding received from fans.

Julia Nunes, known to her YouTube fans as “jaaaaaaa” became famous for singing while playing the complex ukulele. Since then she has cut 3 independent albums.

Chantelle Redman, a British teenager, was secretly filmed by her father while singing. He then posted the video on YouTube, where she became the second most subscribed musician on YouTube. She later signed up with Agency Global Enterprises and released her first single record.

Ria Ritchie uploaded her video to YouTube after she recorded acoustic covers. Plan B, the UK musician, signed her up for her first album

Mia Rose, a Portuguese-British teenager, and uploaded her music to YouTube as far back as 2006. The next year, she enjoyed success in Britain and Portugal. Later, she made a career move to Los Angeles.

Cody Simpson, a 12-year-old, was seen by record producer Shawn Campbell. Nicknamed the “Australian Justin Bieber,” Simpson released Flo Rida, his first single album.

Music is an information good, and more specifically, an experience good, whose true value is realized only after its consumption. At its fundamental form, artists create (or produce) the music that consumers pay to listen. Digital technologies and network based sharing/distribution mechanisms have created tremendous opportunities and challenges for producers and consumers of such goods.

Downloading, sampling and sharing digital goods by Internet users who do not own it in other forms has become a major issue. For the music recording and distribution industry, for example, this problem has turned quite acute1. According to a study (Pew 2000), about 14% of Internet users have downloaded digitized music files from the Internet for free. This number is likely to grow rapidly, and illegal online music sharing is estimated to result in annual sales losses of $3.1 billion by 2005 (Clark 2000). The technology that facilitates such online sampling of digital audio and other digital goods is improving rapidly. Various software packages make it increasingly easier for consumers
To search, download and subsequently share music files online with others (Ahlberg 2000).

It also potentially benefits artists by helping new artists to become “known.” Proponents also argue that digital compression decreases the quality of music in relation to a CD5; hence consumers with a high value for music would eventually purchase the higher quality CD6. Opponents of online music sharing, in particular the recording industry and some artists, argue that it undermines CD sales. Their fundamental concern is (www.ifpi.org): “How can you build a business when the product you have developed is being cloned and given away on a mass scale for free?” They argue that piracy threatens the future of artists, composers, and record producers


The New Business Model
The new business model includes legitimate online digital music services. By 2008, Forrester expects that approximately 33% of music sales will be from legitimate online downloads, and that CD sales will drop 30% from their peak in 1999 (Needham, 2003). Forrester currently estimates that by the end of 2004, online music sales may amount to $270 million, up from $89 million in 2003 (Legon, 2004). Legitimate online music services are part of the native Internet business model category of digital products and digital delivery (e.g., including music) that often have strategic alliances with access providers (Bambury, 1998). The first legitimate online music services began to appear on the Internet in 1995, but none of the early services were very successful (e.g., Rivkin & Meier, 2002).

When Apple Computers introduced its iTunes service in April 2003, it marked the first major success for this new business model; within its first 6 months of operation, a record number of 14 million songs were purchased for download. In July 2004, iTunes reached its 100 millionth download (“iTunes Tops,” 2004). In the European market, there are more than 30 legitimate online services that offer music either by Pay-per-download or by subscription (IFPI, 2004). In May2004, Napster 2.0 started its European market entry with its UK edition, and the following month Apple iTunes began service to Europe in the United Kingdom, Germany, and France (“iTunes Tops,” 2004; Twist, 2004). In 2004, competition will intensify, as more than 10 Windows-based online music services will be introduced in the market (Legon, 2004). However, right now, the legitimate downloading of music is still just a drop in the bucket compared to the massive adoption and usage of File trading via unauthorized, illegal music services.



Respondents were primarily enrolled as full-time (15%) or part-time (54%) students in colleges; ages ranged from 19 to 54 years, with 61% males. A total of 52% of the respondents reported a very high level of interest in music, while another 37% listened to music regularly. The sample group is sufficiently diverse in demographic, economic, and social aspects, and represents a significant component of the music industry customer segment. Respondents were asked to reveal their online music experiences, provide some demographic information, and specify preferences for certain online music activities under different music CD pricing schemes (economic) and Internet connection speeds.

Critical Investigation: Task #1

Critical Investigation: Task #1



The clips starts with Justin sitting on his softer with a guitar, in this scene, the camera shot is medium shot showing only his upper half of his body and the guitar, as in the video, we can see his facial expression and body language when portrait and singing the song.  As Justin is wearing a brown plain top and wearing a black baseball hat as this show a sense of normality and realism when singing this song, show that he is the protagonist hero and that he’s a normal guy singing a well know song from a well-known famous singer/songwriter, Justin Timberlake . As this make the audience feel that he’s a normal person with a talented voice singing a popular song.

In the clip it was normal lighting as he’s in the normal living room as this connote realism and normally. The sound of the video is non-diegetic as the sound of the music is coming from the scene of Justin singing the song.

As the audience want to follow those who are famous through the media on these social networking sites, the reason why is because some of the artist were discovered onto these social networking sites, which would means the audience will follow those artist, because it’s a realist things that a normal person has broken through to the music industries .

This raise a real issue as we can see that he playing his guitar in his own living and being filmed whilst doing it, as this connotes that anyone can be discovers on-line as he’s a normal guy whilst playing the guitar, as this video and more of his video he sang before he wasn't famous went viral and spend around the world, as he hit over 25 million hits before the he got signed to usher’s label Def Jam island.  Justin Bieber is signed to island Def. jam after his manager and known singer/songwriter discovered his on social networking sites like YouTube and Facebook, As many different artist, with many different from many different genre of music, as they have over hundreds of artist signed to this label, as Def. Jam has been around the music industries for over 20 years. As they have had well known global stars signed to their label like Rihanna, Kanye West, Jay Z and Ne-Yo.